However, the post-Reformation era (post-1998) saw a dramatic democratization of expression. As the country embraced decentralization and freedom of speech, Islam became more visible in the public sphere. But it was the 2010s that acted as the catalyst.
When the regime fell in 1998, Indonesia experienced a massive democratic reformation. Alongside political freedom came religious expression. The hijab transitioned overnight from a symbol of political resistance to a mainstream personal choice. Women began wearing it openly, proudly, and crucially, creatively .
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