: Defined as the proportion of external load introduced at the loaded interface relative to the joint centerline.
Practical application tips
The primary goal of the guideline is to determine the required to ensure a joint remains functional throughout its service life. It treats the bolt as a tension spring and the clamped components as compression springs to model elastic behavior accurately. Applicability : Covers steel bolts from size M4 to M39 . vdi 2230 part 1 pdf