Tftp Server -

This "stop-and-wait" ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) ensures reliability over UDP, but it’s slow — especially across high-latency links.

Because UDP is "fire and forget," if an ACK is lost, the server resends the same block. If the client resends an ACK late, the server could receive duplicate requests. Modern TFTP servers implement "sliding windows" (TFTP Option Extension RFC 7440) to prevent this, but legacy servers are prone to "ACK storms." TFTP Server

There are dozens of options, but these three dominate enterprise and home-lab environments. " if an ACK is lost