: Members of heretical sects who do not follow Vedic traditions (sometimes identified specifically as Kṣapaṇakas in historical commentaries).
: Individuals who follow sects that explicitly deny the authority of the Vedas (often interpreted as early Buddhist or Jain ascetics in that specific historical context). manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
विकर्मस्थान् शौण्डिकांश्च क्षिप्रं निर्वासयेत् पुरात् ॥ २२५ ॥ Translation: : Members of heretical sects who do not
The King’s Purge: Understanding Manusmriti 9.225 Manusmriti manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
) was to prevent these individuals from negatively influencing the broader population or "thieving" from the public through deceit. Centralization of Vice: Other texts, like the Arthaśāstra Yājñavalkya Smriti
16 Feb 2018 — Verse 9.225 * Medhātithi's commentary (manubhāṣya): (verses 9.220-227) (No Bāṣhya) * Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha. 'Krūrān'. Wisdom Library Where is this verse about pakhandis found?