Responsibilities of the designer regarding stress and support.
Fluor primarily utilizes AutoPipe (licensed) for complex stress calculations, though designers also use CAESAR II.
: Understanding how growth and movement must be incorporated into the overall design for both the specific line and neighboring lines.
Where ΔL = thermal growth = α * L_pipe * ΔT.
$$S_L + S_E \leq \dots$$ (Code specific checks)