Long answer: The landscape is shifting. PSA has moved to “DiagBox 9.x” and the cloud-based “EuroRepar” network. But for anyone who:

A well‑tuned image is the most practical solution for DIY PSA diagnostics from 2000–2015. It preserves an obsolete but powerful toolchain, isolates host driver conflicts, and runs on modern computers. However, it demands careful USB configuration and a quality VCI clone/original. For professionals or newer vehicles, investing in SmartBox is the cleaner path.